If you are into off-roading or enjoy driving in challenging landscapes, you might have heard of 4L and 4H. When venturing off the beaten path, knowing how to engage these two driving modes can make all the difference in your ability to tackle rough terrain with confidence. Available in some 4-wheel drive vehicles, they allow you to conquer steep hills, muddy trails, or even snowy roads! In this article, we will explore the world of 4L vs 4H, and when to use each mode.
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4L vs 4H

The 4L mode is a specialized feature of some 4-wheel drive vehicles for controlled driving on craggy roads or when the vehicle is at risk of getting stuck. It provides a significant reduction in gear ratio, giving the vehicle more torque and less speed. This makes it ideal for navigating steep inclines or when pulling the vehicle out of a stuck situation.

According to off-road experts, the 4L mode can provide a gear ratio as low as 2.72:1 or even lower, depending on the vehicle's make and model. This means that the car can crawl at a speed of 1-5 mph, allowing for maximum control and maneuverability on extremely bumpy roadways.

On the other hand, 4H, also called 4HI or 4 HIGH, is a drivetrain mode that distributes power to all four wheels of a car, providing additional traction and stability on rough terrain or slippery surfaces. It is particularly useful in improving traction and stability when driving on uneven or slippery surfaces or when the vehicle is at risk of getting stuck in mud or snow.

To activate 4H, simply press the 4H or 4HI button or turn the switch. Once activated, the transfer case engages the front driveshaft, allowing it to match the revolutions of the rear wheels and distribute power to all four wheels of the vehicle.

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Difference between 4H and 4L

To help you better understand the differences between 4H and 4L modes, let us take a look at some examples. Imagine you are driving on a snowy road that leads to a ski resort. If the road is relatively flat and not too slippery, you can engage 4H and drive at a moderate speed, while still maintaining good traction and stability. However, if the road starts to climb steeply, you will need to switch to 4L to handle the increased torque demand and maintain control over the vehicle. Similarly, if you are driving on a rocky trail, you might start in 4H to get more power to the wheels, but switch to 4L when encountering a particularly challenging obstacle, such as a large boulder or a deep rut.

The differences between 4H and 4L essentially boil down to the speed you can achieve in each mode. In either mode, the engine provides power to all four wheels via the transfer case, but the gear ratio selected within the transfer case dictates the maximum speed and performance capabilities. Take the Nissan Pathfinder, for example. When in 4H mode, it can handle bumpy roads and slippery surfaces with ease, providing better traction and stability. On the other hand, when switched to 4L mode, the vehicle's low-range transfer case kicks in, allowing for extreme off-road conditions such as steep inclines, rocky surfaces, and deep mud.

Engaging 4L on the Nissan Pathfinder may require shifting into neutral before selecting the mode. which can be accomplished with the push of a button rather than a physical lever.  However, newer Nissan models have electronic push-button controls for shifting between 4H and 4L modes, making the process more seamless and user-friendly. Let’s see the detailed differences in the table below-

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When to use 4H vs 4L

When it comes to deciding to use 4H versus 4L, there are several factors to keep in mind. 4H is the way to go for snowy, icy, muddy, or rocky surfaces, providing better traction and stability. It is also great for moderate off-road conditions with some obstacles or inclines. On the other hand, 4L is intended for extreme off-road conditions such as steep inclines, coarse terrain, and deep mud. 

If you need to tow or haul heavy loads, 4L is the way to go as it provides more power and control. Similarly, if you are driving in deep snow or mud, 4L can help you power through challenging conditions. This are cruising at higher speeds, choose 4H. Automakers recommend keeping 4H at 55 mph or less, but it can go faster than 4L. In rough roads, 4H provides better acceleration because more power is transferred to the wheels. When driving on paved or smooth roads, it also improves fuel efficiency.

Switching from 4H to 4L can cause a noticeable reduction in speed but an increase in power and torque. For example, the Toyota Land Cruiser is a great choice for off-roading, with both 4H and 4L modes, along with a locking center differential that enhances its ability to tackle uneven paths. Another great example is the Toyota 4Runner, which also has both modes and a multi-terrain select system that adjusts the vehicle's traction control. Here is a table provided for you to understand which roadway is appropriate for the modes.

Specifiqe example of 4L vs 4H 

Four-wheel drive vehicles often feature 4L (Low Range) and 4H (High Range) modes for different driving conditions. For example, the Jeep Wrangler Rubicon offers robust 4L for tough, rocky terrain, enhancing torque and control. Conversely, the Toyota Land Cruiser's 4H mode is ideal for high-speed off-road situations, maintaining better fuel efficiency and smoother handling. Moreover, each mode tailors the vehicle's performance to specific off-road or challenging conditions, demonstrating the versatility of these robust vehicles.

Which is stronger, 4H or 4L?

4L is stronger than 4H, as it provides more torque and power to the vehicle's wheels.

Should I drive in 2H, 4H, or 4L?

Driving on dry, flat, paved roads is ideal for 2H mode, which is suitable for everyday driving. But when you need maximum traction and power, such as when driving in deep mud or snow, soft sand, up steep inclines, and on extremely rocky surfaces, 4L is the best option. It is essential to stick to low speeds in this setting, around 10 MPH, to maintain control and avoid wheel spin. For driving at normal speeds (30 to 50 MPH), but with additional traction, 4H is your go-to setting. It is perfect for driving on hard-packed sand, ice or snow-covered roads, and dirt roads.

How fast can you go in 4L?

4L is not designed for speed. It is a low gear ratio designed for maximum torque and power. Therefore, If you are using this setting, be sure that you keep your speed under 10 mph.

Can you switch from 4L to 4H while driving?

It is generally safe to transition from 2H to 4H (4WD) on modern 4WD vehicles while driving at speeds below 60 mph. However, when changing from 4H to 4-Lo (low-range), it is advisable to reduce the speed to 5 mph without applying the accelerator and shift the transmission to the Neutral (N) position. For older 4WDs that lack automatic locking hubs, it is necessary to bring the vehicle to a complete stop, step out of the car, and manually engage the front hubs.

How fast can you go with 4H? 

Vehicles with four-wheel drive can travel at a safe speed based on factors such as road conditions, terrain, vehicle capabilities, and legal speed limits. Because four wheel drive vehicles have better traction on rough or slippery terrain, they can travel at higher speeds than two-wheel-drive vehicles. To ensure safety, it is important to adhere to posted speed limits and adjust your speed depending on the conditions.

To navigate safely off-road or in rugged terrain, you might have to slow down. On smooth highways, you can usually drive at speeds consistent with legal limits and safe driving practices. Make sure you drive at the right speed for your vehicle's conditions.

Conclusion

Now that you know when to use 4L vs 4H, you are ready to take on any off-road adventure with confidence! Just remember to switch to the appropriate mode based on the topography and conditions you are facing. And who knows, with your newfound knowledge, you might just become the go-to off-road expert among your friends! So go ahead, hit the dirt roads, tackle those steep inclines, and have a blast out there!